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Larval Stages of Flukes (Platyhelmintes: Trematoda) in Secondary School Education
Šulcová, Hana ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Podroužková, Štěpánka (referee)
The parasites are one of the most important factors that shape relationships in the nature. This thesis deals mainly with developmental stages of trematodes (Platyhelmintes: Trematoda), especially the cercariae of so-called Schistosomes and sporocysts of Leucochloridium paradoxum, as well as with and their intermediate host - freshwater snails. Introductory chapters are focused on general introduction into the topic, such as basic terminology or occurrence issue of trematodes (mainly schistosomes) in the world and in the Czech Republic. In order to determine larval stages of flukes and their morphological types, the research was conducted in four Prague localities with known presence of aquatic snails. Only in one site, Kunratická tůň Pond, the constant presence of echinostomous cercariae (and in lesser extent also furcocercariae) in Radix labiata was recorded during summer season of 2015. In small pond in the Botanical Garden of the Natural Sciences Faculty of Charles University and in Modřanské tůně Ponds, xiphidocercarie in Lymnaea stagnalis were found. No cercarie were detected in the pond in the Genetic garden of Charles University. The presence of Leucochloridium paradoxum in the European Amber Snail Succinea putris was confirmed in the vicinity of Modřanské tůně Ponds. The verified...
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Ontogenesis of trematode larval stages of the family Fasciolidae in the intermediate snail hosts.
Pankrác, Jan ; Kašný, Martin (advisor) ; Soldánová, Miroslava (referee)
The family Fasciolidae is an important group of trematodes including serious pathogens of humans and livestock. The life cycle is divided into two phases - sexual reproduction in the definitive host body (large land mammals) and an asexual reproduction in the intermediate host body (aquatic snails of the family Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae). Development within the snail host is characterized by production of large amounts of parasite larvae (sporocyst, rediae, cercariae). Cercariae released from the snail immediately start to transform into metacercariae, the larval stages infectious for definitive host. Snail phase of infection is generally accompanied by number of mostly negative symptoms (massive pathological changes, often followed by reduction of fertility). This summary reveals that current knowledge concerning the ontogenetic development of fasciolids in the intermediate host is uncomplete and unequally investigated. According to this summary is also obvious that some of the published findings are universally valid for all members of the family Fasciolidae and other are characteristic only for particular species.
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Larval Stages of Flukes (Platyhelmintes: Trematoda) in Secondary School Education
Šulcová, Hana ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Podroužková, Štěpánka (referee)
The parasites are one of the most important factors that shape relationships in the nature. This thesis deals mainly with developmental stages of trematodes (Platyhelmintes: Trematoda), especially the cercariae of so-called Schistosomes and sporocysts of Leucochloridium paradoxum, as well as with and their intermediate host - freshwater snails. Introductory chapters are focused on general introduction into the topic, such as basic terminology or occurrence issue of trematodes (mainly schistosomes) in the world and in the Czech Republic. In order to determine larval stages of flukes and their morphological types, the research was conducted in four Prague localities with known presence of aquatic snails. Only in one site, Kunratická tůň Pond, the constant presence of echinostomous cercariae (and in lesser extent also furcocercariae) in Radix labiata was recorded during summer season of 2015. In small pond in the Botanical Garden of the Natural Sciences Faculty of Charles University and in Modřanské tůně Ponds, xiphidocercarie in Lymnaea stagnalis were found. No cercarie were detected in the pond in the Genetic garden of Charles University. The presence of Leucochloridium paradoxum in the European Amber Snail Succinea putris was confirmed in the vicinity of Modřanské tůně Ponds. The verified...
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Ontogenesis of trematode larval stages of the family Fasciolidae in the intermediate snail hosts.
Pankrác, Jan ; Kašný, Martin (advisor) ; Soldánová, Miroslava (referee)
The family Fasciolidae is an important group of trematodes including serious pathogens of humans and livestock. The life cycle is divided into two phases - sexual reproduction in the definitive host body (large land mammals) and an asexual reproduction in the intermediate host body (aquatic snails of the family Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae). Development within the snail host is characterized by production of large amounts of parasite larvae (sporocyst, rediae, cercariae). Cercariae released from the snail immediately start to transform into metacercariae, the larval stages infectious for definitive host. Snail phase of infection is generally accompanied by number of mostly negative symptoms (massive pathological changes, often followed by reduction of fertility). This summary reveals that current knowledge concerning the ontogenetic development of fasciolids in the intermediate host is uncomplete and unequally investigated. According to this summary is also obvious that some of the published findings are universally valid for all members of the family Fasciolidae and other are characteristic only for particular species.
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Chemoorientation of Trichobilharzia regenti schistosomula in vitro
Parolová, Lucie ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Kolářová, Libuše (referee)
The ability to orientate themselves in the definitive host body is very important in the life cycle of trematodes. Contrary to a number of data on trematode orientation in the external environment, migratory routes within the host and places of definitive localization, little is known about compounds serving as stimuli during migration. In this study we tested chemoorientation of Trichobilharzia regenti schistosomula in vitro. We tested fractions of the nervous tissue homogenate of domectic duck (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica), various fractions of the duck blood serum, NaCl and KCl solutions, D-glucose, L-arginine and commercially available neuromediators and apolipoprotein A-I. The highest attractiveness was recorded in the case of the blood serum of domestic duck. Significant attractiveness also showed NaCl solution at concentrations of 188 and 205 mM, KCl solution at concentration of 205 mM and combination of NaCl, KCl and D- glucose at concentrations NaCl=136 mM, KCl=5 mM, D-glucose=5,5 mM As the attractiveness of NaCl and KCl solutions of the same osmolarity (410 mOsm/l) was equal, and D-glucose solution of the same osmolarity showed no attractiveness for schistosomula, we suggest that the chloride ions are the main stimulus for migration. When various molecular weight fractions of the duck...
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